Have you ever thought of what your pencil was made of? or your TV?
It's all made of matter, because they are things that have a mass and a volume (in other words, they take up space)
There are two types of matter: Pure substances and Mixtures
Pure substances only have a single set of properties as well as only one kind of particle. i.e. it cannot be separated.
On the other hand, mixtures have more than 1 set of properties, and they are physically combined.
Pure substances can be divided into two more subcategories: Elements and Compounds.
Elements are substances made of atoms that cannot be separated into simpler substances, whereas compounds are substances of molecules that are composed of two or more elements which are combined chemically.
Examples of elements are the metals, non-metals, and metalloids found on the Periodic Table. Examples of compounds are ionic compounds and covalent compounds
Mixtures can also be divided into two subcategories: either homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Homogeneous mixtures are uniform throughout, meaning that there only appears to be one component to the mixture. An example of these mixtures is a solution, such as salt dissolving in water. You can't see the salt after it has dissolved into the water, because it has become salt water.
Heterogeneous mixtures are the exact opposite of homogeneous mixtures. They are not uniform throughout, so more than 1 component of the mixture is visible. For example, water and oil don't mix, so you can see both the oil and the water.
Matter is neither created or destroyed; instead, it is only changed from one form to another, by a physical change or a chemical change.
In a physical change, no new substances are formed. The chemical composition does not change, and the whole process is reversible, so you can always change it back to what it originally was. For example, if an ice cube melts, you can always freeze it again to make it a solid again.
However, in a chemical change, new substances are produced. This is an irreversible process. For instance, if you burn a piece of paper, you can't get that same piece of paper back. You can tell that it is a chemical change from signs such as a smell, increased heat, or if a solid such as precipitate has formed.
Pure substances can be divided into two more subcategories: Elements and Compounds.
Elements are substances made of atoms that cannot be separated into simpler substances, whereas compounds are substances of molecules that are composed of two or more elements which are combined chemically.
Examples of elements are the metals, non-metals, and metalloids found on the Periodic Table. Examples of compounds are ionic compounds and covalent compounds
Mixtures can also be divided into two subcategories: either homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Homogeneous mixtures are uniform throughout, meaning that there only appears to be one component to the mixture. An example of these mixtures is a solution, such as salt dissolving in water. You can't see the salt after it has dissolved into the water, because it has become salt water.
Heterogeneous mixtures are the exact opposite of homogeneous mixtures. They are not uniform throughout, so more than 1 component of the mixture is visible. For example, water and oil don't mix, so you can see both the oil and the water.
Matter is neither created or destroyed; instead, it is only changed from one form to another, by a physical change or a chemical change.
In a physical change, no new substances are formed. The chemical composition does not change, and the whole process is reversible, so you can always change it back to what it originally was. For example, if an ice cube melts, you can always freeze it again to make it a solid again.
However, in a chemical change, new substances are produced. This is an irreversible process. For instance, if you burn a piece of paper, you can't get that same piece of paper back. You can tell that it is a chemical change from signs such as a smell, increased heat, or if a solid such as precipitate has formed.
As you may already know, there are 3 states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solids are rigid, and cannot change shape easily. There is only a small change of volume when it is heated.
Liquids will take the shape of a container, and there are slight changes to the volume when it is heated.
Gases take the shape of a container, and there are drastic changes in volume when it is heated.
If you're into rap, here's a cool song for you to better understand the three states of matter :)
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